Convert instantly between Celsius (centigrade), Fahrenheit, kelvin, and Rankine. Enter a temperature in any input field to display the equivalent values in the other units.
Enter your parameters below to calculate results.
The Temperature Conversion tool converts instantly between Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, and Rankine. Enter a temperature in one unit, and the calculator returns the equivalent values in the other temperature scales.
Temperature conversion is used in electronics, thermal design, HVAC work, laboratory measurement, manufacturing, and everyday unit conversion. In engineering, distinguishing an actual temperature from a temperature difference is especially important, because Celsius and Fahrenheit use offsets while kelvin and Rankine are absolute scales.
| Unit | Symbol | Scale Type | Common Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Celsius | °C | Offset scale | General temperature measurement, science, weather, and industry |
| Fahrenheit | °F | Offset scale | Common everyday temperature scale in the United States |
| Kelvin | K | Absolute scale | SI thermodynamic temperature, science, physics, and engineering |
| Rankine | °R | Absolute scale | Engineering calculations based on Fahrenheit-size degrees |
Celsius is a temperature scale expressed in degrees Celsius, symbol °C. The degree Celsius has the same size as the kelvin, but the Celsius scale is offset from the Kelvin scale by 273.15. This relationship is:
°C = K - 273.15
Because Celsius is an offset scale, it is suitable for everyday temperatures, but it is not an absolute ratio scale. For example, 40 °C is not twice the thermodynamic temperature of 20 °C.
Fahrenheit is a temperature scale expressed in degrees Fahrenheit, symbol °F. On this scale, water freezes at about 32 °F and boils at about 212 °F at standard atmospheric pressure, so the interval between those reference points is 180 Fahrenheit degrees.
Fahrenheit is also an offset scale. It is often used for weather, room temperature, cooking, and industrial specifications in regions where inch-pound units are common.
Kelvin, symbol K, is the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is an absolute temperature scale that starts at absolute zero. A temperature change of 1 K is equal in size to a temperature change of 1 °C.
Kelvin values are commonly used in physics, thermodynamics, semiconductor calculations, noise analysis, LED color temperature, and many engineering formulas where absolute temperature is required.
Rankine, symbol °R, is an absolute temperature scale that uses the same interval size as the Fahrenheit degree. Just as kelvin is the absolute-temperature counterpart of Celsius, Rankine is the absolute-temperature counterpart of Fahrenheit.
Absolute zero is 0 K and 0 °R. The relationship between Rankine and Fahrenheit is:
°R = °F + 459.67
| Convert From | Convert To | Formula |
|---|---|---|
| Fahrenheit | Celsius | °C = (°F - 32) × 5 / 9 |
| Celsius | Fahrenheit | °F = (°C × 9 / 5) + 32 |
| Celsius | Kelvin | K = °C + 273.15 |
| Kelvin | Celsius | °C = K - 273.15 |
| Celsius | Rankine | °R = (°C × 9 / 5) + 491.67 |
| Rankine | Celsius | °C = (°R × 5 / 9) - 273.15 |
| Fahrenheit | Kelvin | K = (°F + 459.67) × 5 / 9 |
| Kelvin | Fahrenheit | °F = (K × 9 / 5) - 459.67 |
| Fahrenheit | Rankine | °R = °F + 459.67 |
| Rankine | Fahrenheit | °F = °R - 459.67 |
| Kelvin | Rankine | °R = K × 9 / 5 |
| Rankine | Kelvin | K = °R × 5 / 9 |
| Reference Point | Celsius | Fahrenheit | Kelvin | Rankine |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute zero | -273.15 °C | -459.67 °F | 0 K | 0 °R |
| Water freezing point | 0 °C | 32 °F | 273.15 K | 491.67 °R |
| Typical room temperature | 20 °C | 68 °F | 293.15 K | 527.67 °R |
| Water boiling point at 1 atm | 100 °C | 212 °F | 373.15 K | 671.67 °R |
The freezing and boiling points of water depend on pressure and water purity, so they are best treated as practical reference points rather than the modern definition of the Celsius scale.
A temperature difference is not always converted in the same way as a temperature value. For example, a change of 10 °C equals a change of 18 °F, but 10 °C as an actual temperature equals 50 °F.
| Temperature Interval | Equivalent Interval |
|---|---|
| 1 °C difference | 1 K difference |
| 1 °C difference | 1.8 °F difference |
| 1 K difference | 1.8 °R difference |
| 1 °F difference | 1 °R difference |
| Input | Calculation | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 25 °C to °F | (25 × 9 / 5) + 32 | 77 °F |
| 77 °F to °C | (77 - 32) × 5 / 9 | 25 °C |
| 25 °C to K | 25 + 273.15 | 298.15 K |
| 77 °F to °R | 77 + 459.67 | 536.67 °R |
| 300 K to °C | 300 - 273.15 | 26.85 °C |
For physical temperature values, Kelvin and Rankine should not be negative because both scales begin at absolute zero.
| Mistake | Why It Matters | Better Practice |
|---|---|---|
| Using °C + 273 instead of °C + 273.15 | The result is rounded and may be unsuitable for precise work. | Use 273.15 unless a rough estimate is acceptable. |
| Writing °K for kelvin | The SI symbol is K, not °K. | Write 300 K, not 300 °K. |
| Confusing temperature values with temperature differences | Offset scales require different handling for actual values and intervals. | Use interval conversions for temperature rise or drop. |
| Using Celsius in formulas that require absolute temperature | Thermodynamic formulas often require K or °R. | Convert to kelvin or Rankine before calculating. |
Temperature conversion is useful when comparing datasheet limits, calculating thermal resistance, estimating junction temperature, converting oven or reflow profiles, working with HVAC specifications, interpreting sensor readings, and converting laboratory measurements.
In electronics, many calculations use Celsius for operating ranges and kelvin for absolute-temperature formulas. For example, semiconductor behavior, thermal noise, and some physics-based models require absolute temperature.
The SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature is the kelvin, symbol K.
Yes. A temperature change of 1 °C is equal in size to a temperature change of 1 K, but the zero points are different.
Fahrenheit is an offset scale. The value 32 accounts for the offset between the Fahrenheit and Celsius zero points.
Absolute zero is the zero point of thermodynamic temperature. It is 0 K, -273.15 °C, -459.67 °F, and 0 °R.
Use kelvin when a formula depends on absolute temperature, such as thermodynamics, gas laws, thermal noise, and many physics-based calculations.